What does aspiration refer to in a medical context?

In a medical context, aspiration specifically refers to the process in which food, liquid, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs instead of being swallowed into the esophagus. This can lead to serious complications, such as aspiration pneumonia, which occurs when the inhaled substances cause inflammation and infection in the lungs. Understanding aspiration in this sense is vital for healthcare professionals, particularly those working with patients who may have difficulty swallowing or are at risk for choking. This definition emphasizes the physiological process involved and the potential health implications, distinguishing it clearly from meanings related to personal ambition or emotional states as found in the other choices.