How does chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) develop?

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) develops primarily as a result of repeated head injuries. This condition is characterized by progressive degeneration of the brain tissue, specifically associated with the accumulation of tau protein, which can lead to a variety of neurological and psychological symptoms. It is most commonly observed in individuals who have a history of repeated concussive and subconcussive blows to the head, often seen in contact sports such as football, boxing, and hockey, as well as in military veterans exposed to blasts.

The repetitive nature of the injuries leads to cumulative damage over time, which is crucial in the pathophysiology of CTE. Unlike a single traumatic insult, which may lead to acute symptoms or conditions like concussion, CTE is associated with ongoing trauma that disrupts normal brain function and ultimately impacts cognitive and emotional health long after the last injury has occurred. Understanding this development process is essential for prevention, diagnosis, and management of individuals at risk for CTE.